Successful students are able to understand, process, and remember a wide variety of information. Much of the information is factual details, but these details always fit into a larger context of big ideas. Students often need guidance in identifying, understanding, and connecting these big ideas, and by providing such...

Questioning of any type supports the learning process by fostering curiosity, focused inquiry, expanded exploration, and attention. However, different types of questions encourage different aspects of learning. Factual questions aid in the acquisition of information, inferential questions aid in extending literal...

Effective readers do not just passively decode words on a page, instead they engage actively with a text, thinking and wondering about the form and content of what they are reading.  This ongoing thought process can be considered a learner’s “inner voice,” and students benefit from helping their inner voice to become...

Students are expected to learn effectively not only through reading, but also through listening to spoken language. Just as students benefit from explicit instruction in reading comprehension, they also benefit from explicit instruction in listening comprehension. Without such instruction, many students struggle to...